Spirituality is a dimension of life that is characterized by the pursuit of inspiration, reverence and awe, meaning and purpose. It is present to varying degrees in individuals of all religions, but it can also exist without the presence of any particular religion. It often comes into focus during times of stress, including illness, death and other major life events. It can also be triggered by meditation and other spiritual practices.
It can be developed as a result of a relationship with a Supreme Being or a spiritual community, but it can also develop independently from either. Carson and Stoll describe the development of spirituality that includes a Supreme Being as a vertical process, while spirituality that does not include a Supreme Being is described as a horizontal process.
A person’s spirituality can be influenced by the beliefs and practices of a religious or spiritual community. It can also be influenced by experiences that are transcendent, or that challenge the boundaries of one’s belief systems. For example, an individual may feel closer to God during a difficult time in their life, as they reflect on the fact that He suffers with them and loves them unconditionally.
When a person’s spirituality is activated by significant life events, they may experience distressing emotions such as spiritual pain, spiritual anger and spiritual guilt. Nevertheless, they can use their spirituality to help them cope positively with these stresses. For example, if someone feels they need to forgive others for the wrongs they have committed against them, they can draw on their spiritual beliefs and practices to encourage and support them to do so.